NgoNovemba 14, i-2025, ibonisa i-19th ye-UN ye-Diabetes Day, kunye nomxholo wokukhuthaza "Isifo seswekile kunye ne-Well-Being". Igxininisa ukubeka ukuphuculwa komgangatho wobomi kubantu abanesifo seswekile kumbindi weenkonzo zokhathalelo lwempilo yesifo seswekile, okwenza izigulane zonwabele ubomi obunempilo.
Ehlabathini lonke, malunga ne-589 yezigidi zabantu abadala (abaneminyaka eyi-20-79) banesifo seswekile, emele i-11.1% (1 kwi-9) yeli qela lobudala. Malunga ne-252 yezigidi zabantu (43%) abafunyaniswanga, bajongene nomngcipheko ophezulu weengxaki. Inani labantu abanesifo sikashukela liqikelelwa ukuba likhuphuke kwi-853 yezigidi nge-2050, ukwanda kwe-45%.
I-Etiology kunye neentlobo zeklinikhi zesifo seswekile
Isifo seswekile luluhlu lwezifo ze-metabolic syndromes ezibandakanya iswekile, iprotein, amafutha, amanzi, kunye ne-electrolytes, ebangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ze-pathogenic ezifana nemfuzo, ukuphazamiseka kwamajoni omzimba, usulelo lwe-microbial kunye ne-toxins, i-toxins yasimahla, kunye nezinto zengqondo ezisebenza emzimbeni. Ezi zinto zikhokelela ekuphazamisekeni komsebenzi we-islet, ukunganyangeki kwe-insulin, njl.klinikhi, ibonakaliswe ngokukodwa nge-hyperglycemia. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zinokubakho nge-polyuria, i-polydipsia, i-polyphagia, kunye nokuncipha kobunzima, okwaziwa ngokuba ziimpawu "ezithathu zeepolys kunye nelahleko enye". Ihlelwe ngokweklinikhi ibe yi-Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, Gestational diabetes, kunye nezinye iintlobo ezithile zesifo seswekile.
I-Biomarkers yokufunyanwa kwesifo seswekile
Ii-Autoantibodies ze-Islet zizimaki zokutshatyalaliswa kwe-immune-mediated yeeseli ze-pancreatic β kwaye zizalathisi eziphambili zokuxilonga isifo seswekile esizimelayo. I-Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD), tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA-2A), i-insulin antibodies (IAA), kunye ne-islet cell antibodies (ICA) ziyimpawu ezibalulekileyo ze-immunological zokubona isifo seswekile.
Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba ukufunyanwa okudibeneyo kunokuphucula izinga lokubona isifo seswekile esizimelayo. Okukhona lilikhulu inani lezilwa-buhlungu ezakhayo ezikhoyo kwangethuba, kokukhona umngcipheko wokuba umntu aqhubekele phambili ngokukhawuleza kwisifo seswekile.
Uphando lubonisa:
● Abantu abanezilwa-buhlungu ezi-3 okanye nangaphezulu basengozini yo->50% yokuba no-Type 1 diabetes kwiminyaka emi-5.
● Abantu abanezilwa-buhlungu ezibini ezine-HIV basengozini engama-70% yokuba ne-Type 1 yeswekile kwiminyaka eyi-10, i-84% kwiminyaka eyi-15, kwaye phantse i-100% iqhubela phambili ukuya kwi-Type 1 diabetes emva kweminyaka engama-20 yolandelelo.
● Abantu abane-antibody enye ene-antibody enye banomngcipheko we-14.5% kuphela wokufumana isifo seswekile soHlobo loku-1 kwiminyaka eli-10.
Emva kokubonakala kwee-antibodies ezilungileyo, izinga lokuqhubekela phambili kwi-Type 1 yeswekile lihambelana neentlobo ze-antibodies ezintle, ubudala kwimbonakalo ye-antibody, isini, kunye ne-HLA genotype.
I-Beier ibonelela ngoVavanyo oluBanzi lwesifo seswekile
Iindlela zemveliso yesifo seswekile ye-Beier ziquka i-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) kunye ne-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Ukufunyanwa okudityanisiweyo kwezixhobo ze-biomarkers ekufumaneni kwangethuba, ulawulo lwezempilo kwangethuba, kunye nonyango lwakwangoko lwesifo seswekile, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwa izalathiso zempilo yabantu.
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| Igama lemveliso |
| 1 | Anti-Islet Cell Antibody (ICA) Test Kit (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
| 2 | I-Anti-Insulin Antibody (IAA) Ikhithi yokuHlola (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
| 3 | I-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody (GAD) Ikhithi yokuHlola (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
| 4 | I-Tyrosine Phosphatase Antibody (IA-2A) i-Assay Kit (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
IiReferensi:
1. I-Chinese Diabetes Society, i-Chinese Medical Association Association ye-Endocrinologist yeSebe, i-Chinese Society ye-Endocrinology, et al. Isikhokelo sokuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kohlobo lwe-1 yeswekile e-China (uhlelo lwe-2021) [J]. I-Chinese Journal ye-Diabetes Mellitus, i-2022, i-14 (11): 1143-1250. I-DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115791-20220916-00474.
2. IKomiti yoBuchule boBuchule baseTshayina baseTyhini bezoNyango lweSifo seswekile, iBhodi yokuHlela yeShayina Journal of Health Management, China Health Promotion Foundation. Imvumelwano yeengcali ekuhlolweni kunye nokungenelela kwisifo seswekile kubantu abasengozini enkulu e-China. Ijenali yaseTshayina yoLawulo lwezeMpilo, i-2022, i-16 (01): 7-14. I-DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115624-20211111-00677.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-17-2025