Isandla, unyawo, kunye nesifo somlomo (HFMD) Isishwankathelo
Isandla, unyawo, kunye neSifo somlomo sixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci. Iyosulela kakhulu, inomlinganiselo omkhulu wosulelo olungenazimpawu, iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zosulelo, kunye nokusasazeka okukhawulezileyo, okunokuthi kubangele ukuqhambuka okusasazeka ngexesha elifutshane, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukulawula ubhubhane. Ngexesha lokuqhambuka, usulelo oludibeneyo kwii-kindergartens kunye namaziko okunyamekela abantwana, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweentsapho zamatyala, kunokwenzeka. Kwi-2008, i-HFMD ifakwe nguMphathiswa wezeMpilo ekulawuleni iCandelo C izifo ezithathelwanayo.
I-Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) kunye ne-Enterovirus 71 (EV71) ziintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ezibangela i-HFMD. Idatha ye-Epidemiological ibonisa ukuba i-CA16 ihlala ijikeleza kunye ne-EV71, ekhokelela ekuqhambukeni rhoqo kwe-HFMD. Ngexesha loqhambuko, umlinganiselo wosulelo lwe-CA16 lodlula kakhulu olo lwe-EV71, oluhlala lubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-60% yosulelo lulonke. I-HFMD ebangelwa yi-EV71 inokukhokelela kumonakalo wenkqubo ye-nervous central. Umyinge wamatyala anzima kunye nenqanaba lokufa phakathi kwezigulane ezosulelwe yi-EV71 ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zosulelwe zezinye ii-enteroviruses, kunye namazinga anzima okufa afikelela kwi-10% -25%. Nangona kunjalo, usulelo lwe-CA16 ngokubanzi alubangeli izifo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene ne-nervous system ezifana ne-aseptic meningitis, i-brainstem encephalitis, kunye ne-poliomyelitis-like paralysis. Ke ngoko, ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kokwahluka kubaluleke kakhulu ekusindiseni ubomi beemeko ezinzima.
Uvavanyo lweklinikhi
Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangoku lwe-HFMD lubandakanya ukubonwa kwe-nucleic acid ye-pathogen kunye nokufunyanwa kwe-antibody ye-serological. Inkampani yeBeier isebenzisa i-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kunye neendlela zegolide ze-colloidal ukuphuhlisa i-Enterovirus 71 ye-Antibody Test Kits kunye ne-Coxsackievirus A16 IgM ye-Antibody Test Kits ukwenzela ukubonwa okungafaniyo kwe-HFMD pathogens. Ukufunyanwa kwe-Serum antibody kunika ubuntununtunu obuphezulu, ukuchaneka okulungileyo, kwaye kulula, ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kufanelekile kuvavanyo lwezonyango kumaziko okhathalelo lwempilo kuwo onke amanqanaba kunye nezifundo zovavanyo olukhulu lwe-epidemiological.
Izalathisi zokuHlola eziKhethekileyo kunye nokubaluleka kweKlinikhi ye-EV71 yokusuleleka
Ukuxilongwa okuthe ngqo kokusuleleka kwe-EV71 kuxhomekeke ekufumaneni i-EV71-RNA, i-EV71-IgM, kunye ne-EV71-IgG ye-antibodies kwi-serum, okanye ukufunyanwa kwe-EV71-RNA kwi-swab specimens.
Ukulandela usulelo lwe-EV71, izilwa-buhlungu ze-IgM zivela kuqala, zinyuke kakhulu kwiveki yesibini. Ii-antibodies ze-IgG ziqala ukubonakala kwiveki yesibini emva kosulelo kwaye ziqhubeka ixesha elide. I-EV71-IgM isalathiso esibalulekileyo sosulelo oluphambili okanye lwamva nje, luququzelela ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango lwe-EV71 usulelo. I-EV71-IgG isalathiso esibalulekileyo sokuxilongwa ngokuhlukileyo kosulelo, luncedo kuphando lwe-epidemiological kunye novavanyo lokuphumelela kokugonywa. Ukubona utshintsho kwi-antibody titer phakathi kweesampulu ezidityanisiweyo ze-acute kunye ne-convalescent serum nazo zinokumisela ubume bosulelo lwe-EV71; umzekelo, ukonyuka okuphindwe kane okanye okukhulu kwejometri kwi-antibody titer kwi-convalescent serum xa kuthelekiswa ne-acute serum kunokugqalwa njengosulelo lwangoku lwe-EV71.
Izalathisi zokuHlola eziKhethekileyo kunye nokubaluleka kweKlinikhi ye-CA16 yokusuleleka
Ukuxilongwa okuthe ngqo kokusuleleka kwe-CA16 kuxhomekeke ekufumaneni i-CA16-RNA, i-CA16-IgM, kunye ne-CA16-IgG ye-antibodies kwi-serum, okanye ukufunyanwa kwe-CA16-RNA kwiisampuli ze-swab.
Ukulandela usulelo lwe-CA16, ii-antibodies ze-IgM zivela kuqala, zihamba phambili kwiveki yesibini. Ii-antibodies ze-IgG ziqala ukubonakala kwiveki yesibini emva kosulelo kwaye ziqhubeka ixesha elide. I-CA16-IgM yisalathisi esibalulekileyo sosulelo oluphambili okanye lwakutshanje.
Ukubaluleka kwe-EV71 edibeneyo kunye noVavanyo lwe-Antibody CA16
I-HFMD ibangelwa zii-enteroviruses ezininzi, kunye ne-serotypes eqhelekileyo i-EV71 kunye ne-CA16. Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-HFMD ebangelwa yintsholongwane ye-CA16 ibonisa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo, ineengxaki ezimbalwa, kunye ne-prognosis efanelekileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-HFMD ebangelwa yi-EV71 ihlala ibonakalisa iimpawu zeklinikhi ezinzima kakhulu, inezinga eliphezulu leemeko ezinzima kunye nokufa kwemeko, kwaye ihlala ihambelana neengxaki zenkqubo ye-nervous central. Iimpawu zeklinikhi ze-HFMD zintsonkothile kwaye zihlala zinqongophele, zenza ukuxilongwa kweklinikhi kube nzima ngakumbi, ngakumbi kumanqanaba okuqala. Ukubaluleka kovavanyo oludityanisiweyo lovavanyo lwe-serum antibody lusekuthatheni indawo yeendlela ezitya ixesha kunye nezinzima zokuzahlula intsholongwane yesiNtu, ukuchonga i-pathogen ngokwe-serologically, kunye nokubonelela ngesiseko soxilongo lwezonyango, izicwangciso zonyango, kunye noxilongo lwesifo.
Uhlalutyo lweNtsebenzo yeMveliso
EV71-IgM ELISAIkhithiUhlalutyo lweNtsebenzo
| Sngokwaneleyo | No. yeAmatyala | EI-V71-IgM Elungileyo | EV71-IgM Negative | Subuntununtunu | Sukuchaneka |
| Amatyala e-EV71 aqinisekisiweyo | 302 | 298 | 4 | 98.7% | —– |
| Amatyala oSulelo ange-EV71 | 25 | 1 | 24 | —– | 96% |
| Abemi ngokubanzi | 700 | —– | 700 | —– | 100% |
Iziphumo zibonisa:I-Beier EV71-IgM Test Kit ibonisa ubuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye neenkcukacha ezilungileyo zokuvavanya i-serum evela kubantu abosulelwe yi-EV71. Umthombo weenkcukacha: Iziko leSizwe loLawulo lweSifo seNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo, iCDC yaseTshayina.
EV71-IgG ELISA Uhlalutyo lweNdlela yokuSebenza kweKit (I)
| Sngokwaneleyo | No. yeAmatyala | EI-V71-IgG Elungileyo | EV71-IgG Ibi | Subuntununtunu | Sukuchaneka |
| Amatyala e-EV71 aqinisekisiweyo | 310 | 307 | 3 | 99.0% | —– |
| Amatyala oSulelo ange-EV71 | 38 | 0 | 38 | —– | 100% |
| Abemi ngokubanzi | 700 | 328 | 372 | —– | 100% |
EV71-IgG ELISA Uhlalutyo lweNdlela yokuSebenza kweKit (II)
| Sngokwaneleyo | No. yeAmatyala | EI-V71-IgG Elungileyo | EV71-IgG Ibi | Subuntununtunu | Sukuchaneka |
| Abemi ngokubanzi, uvavanyo lokungathathi hlangothi lulungile | 332 | 328 | 4 | 98.8% | —– |
| Abemi ngokubanzi, uvavanyo lokungathathi hlangothi lubi | 368 | —– | 368 | —– | 100% |
Iziphumo zibonisa:I-Beier EV71-IgG Test Kit ibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokufumanisa i-serum kubantu abanosulelo oluphindaphindiweyo lwe-EV71. Umthombo weenkcukacha: Iziko leSizwe loLawulo lweSifo seNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo, iCDC yaseTshayina.
I-CA16-IgM ELISA Uhlalutyo lokuSebenza kweKit
| Sngokwaneleyo | No. yeAmatyala | CA16-IgM Positive | CA16-IgM Negative | Subuntununtunu | Sukuchaneka |
| Amatyala e-CA16 aqinisekisiweyo | 350 | 336 | 14 | 96.0% | —– |
| Abemi ngokubanzi | 659 | 0 | 659 | —– | 100% |
Iziphumo zibonisa:I-Beier CA16-IgM Test Kit ibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokufumanisa kunye ne-concordance efanelekileyo. Umthombo weenkcukacha: Iziko leSizwe loLawulo lweSifo seNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo, iCDC yaseTshayina.
I-EV71-IgM Test Kit (i-Colloidal Gold) Uhlalutyo lokuSebenza
| Sngokwaneleyo | No. yeAmatyala | EI-V71-IgM Elungileyo | EV71-IgM Negative | Subuntununtunu | Sukuchaneka |
| Iisampulu ezilungileyo ze-EV71-IgM | 90 | 88 | 2 | 97.8% | —– |
| Iisampulu ezilungileyo zePCR / Iimeko ezingezizo ze-HFMD | 217 | 7 | 210 | —– | 96.8% |
Iziphumo zibonisa:I-Beier EV71-IgM Test Kit (i-Colloidal Gold) ibonisa ubuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye neenkcukacha ezilungileyo zokuvavanya i-serum evela kubantu abosulelwe yi-EV71. Umthombo weenkcukacha: Iziko leSizwe loLawulo lweSifo seNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo, iCDC yaseTshayina.
I-CA16-IgM Test Kit (i-Colloidal Gold) Uhlalutyo lokuSebenza
| Sngokwaneleyo | No. yeAmatyala | CA16-IgM Positive | CA16-IgM Negative | Subuntununtunu | Sukuchaneka |
| Iisampulu ezilungileyo ze-CA16-IgM | 248 | 243 | 5 | 98.0% | —– |
| Iisampulu ezilungileyo zePCR / Amatyala angeyo-HFMD | 325 | 11 | 314 | —– | 96.6% |
Iziphumo zibonisa:I-Beier CA16-IgM Test Kit (i-Colloidal Gold) ibonisa ubuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye neenkcukacha ezilungileyo zokubona i-serum evela kubantu abosulelwe yi-CA16. Umthombo weenkcukacha: Iziko leSizwe loLawulo lweSifo seNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo, iCDC yaseTshayina.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-30-2025